​Childcare frameworks and the role of CIW
Care Inspectorate Wales (CIW) are the independent regulator of social care and childcare in Wales. This includes the registration, regulation and inspection of childminders in Wales to improve the quality and safety of services. The Child Minding and Day Care (Wales) Regulations 2010 provides the regulatory framework for childminding and day care services in Wales, which are underpinned by the National Minimum Standards for Regulated Childcare for children up to the age of 12 years. These can be found on the CIW website at Regulations and National Minimum Standards: Childcare and play services.
CIW currently inspect against four key themes
- Well-being
- Care and Development
- Environment
- Leadership and Management
There is is information on the CIW website about how CIW inspect childcare and play services
When considering the inspection theme ‘leadership and management’ it is important to note that the majority of childminders in Wales work alone. The latest Care Inspectorate for Wales (CIW) information provided to us states that around 82% of childminders in Wales work on a sole basis (not alongside another registered childminder or childminding assistant). Therefore ‘management of staff’ which is seen by many to be a key indicator of quality as part of wider ‘leadership and management’ of a service is not relevant for childminders working alone. ‘Management of staff’ and ‘leadership and management’ should not though be confused. A childminder still leads and manages a childcare service and this is an important indicator of the quality of provision.
The importance of the environment in the quality of provision is clear within the National Minimum Standards and CIW’s inspection framework. Standard 8 of the National Minimum Standards has a focus on nurture and well-being with the outcome that `Children feel secure, happy and comfortable with their carers and in their environment, and their rights are respected.‘
The environment is one of the themes of the inspection framework which considers how well leaders ensure the suitability of the environment, and the quality of resources and equipment. The CIW Inspection and Ratings Provider Guidance illustrates good practice and can support reflection against the inspection framework. This includes considering how the environment is organised effectively to provide a range of exciting play opportunities, along with the quality, variety and accessibility of resources for children.
Education frameworks and regulatory roles
In addition to this childcare settings who are funded to deliver Foundation Phase Nursery (FPN) will be jointly inspected by Estyn and CIW. Estyn are the education and training inspectorate for Wales. There are currently no childminders in Wales funded to provide FPN and so none that receive joint inspections. Where settings have joint inspections they are inspected against the four key themes above and in addition against the themes of:
- Learning
- Teaching and assessment
The new curriculum is a continuum of learning for children from three to sixteen years of age. As it is a continuum there will not be phases or stages within this, therefore the Foundation Phase as it currently is will not exist from September 2022. From September the term ‘Foundation Learning’ will be used to reflect the importance of this period of learning.
To reflect Foundation Learning as part of the new curriculum framework, the Curriculum for funded non-maintained nursery settings has been developed through a collaborative approach.
Even for settings that are not funded to deliver early education the registered person in a childcare setting is responsible for ensuring, in line with standard 7.10 of the National Minimum Standards for Regulated Childcare for children up to the age of 12 years, that ‘the principles of the Foundation Phase for 3 to 7-year-olds and its seven areas of learning are understood and applied in a way appropriate to the age, abilities and stage of development of children in their care and the nature of the provision’. This therefore impacts on the learning environment being provided and involves planning, delivery and evaluation. These standards are being reviewed currently to reflect the changes to the curriculum in Wales and wider developments.
The importance of the environment in relation to supporting children’s learning and development in Wales is outlined within the curriculum.
- The environment we create in our setting, indoors and outdoors, should be central to children’s authentic experiences.
- It is essential that we consider not only the physical spaces but also the emotional climate of our setting.
- We should ensure the environments in our setting are welcoming and promote a strong Welsh ethos. They should celebrate and value diversity, and demonstrate inclusivity.
- They should be communication rich and focus on promoting
emerging communication skills and developing them further.
The environment should ensure that children have access to a broad range of authentic resources to help build vocabulary and facilitate concept development.
Quality frameworks and reflection tools
As part of the Early Childhood Play, Learning and Care (ECPLC) approach for 0-5 year olds in Wales, a new suite of resources has been published by Welsh Government to support practitioners in childcare and play settings and schools in providing quality early childhood play, learning and care. This includes a Reflective Practice Toolkit.
Registered childcare settings in Wales have to complete an annual Quality of Care Report. This report based on self-evaluation is important in helping settings to consider how best to create, maintain and improve services so that they meet the highest standards of safe, quality childcare and play, offer the best experience for children and contribute to children’s well-being outcomes
PACEY Cymru have also worked over recent years to support the use of the Sustained Shared Thinking and Emotional Well-being (SSTEW) scale in childminding settings in Wales. It looks at the quality of provision and practice related to Sustained Shared Thinking.
The focus of SSTEW is on how the role of the adult – practitioners and teachers – supports children’s language for thinking and social and emotional well-being. It brings together the crucial message that children’s early learning is secured through their personal, social and emotional development using a self-evaluation scale.
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There are also similar scoring frameworks used in scales such as the ECERS (Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scales) using in some local authorities though these again are not specific to home-based childcare.
It can be seen therefore that the environment in a home-based setting has a key role to play in demonstrating and supporting the improvement of quality from a regulatory point of view.
Relevant research
Maybe surprisingly, given the number of registered childminders in the United Kingdom, childminding remains a relatively under-researched area especially when compared to the international picture. Key factors which define quality childcare can also be used to define a quality home-based childcare setting. You will find links to relevant research through the resources produced in this toolkit.
Further reading
- Joint inspection framework by Estyn and CIW
- How CIW inspect childcare and play services
- Early Childhood, Care and Education (ECEC) Quality Framework
- PACEY Spotlight on the new Curriculum for Wales
- Sustained Shared Thinking
- Quality of Care Report
- National Minimum Standards for Regulated Childcare for children up to the age of 12 years
- Curriculum for funded non-maintained nursery settings
- Curriculum-Â professional learning resources
Fframweithiau gofal plant a rĂ´l AGC
Arolygiaeth Gofal Cymru (AGC) yw rheolydd annibynnol gofal cymdeithasol a gofal plant yng Nghymru. Mae hyn yn cynnwys cofrestru, rheoleiddio ac arolygu gwarchodwyr plant yng Nghymru i wella ansawdd a diogelwch gwasanaethau. Mae Rheoliadau Gwarchod Plant a Gofal Dydd (Cymru) 2010 yn darparu’r fframwaith rheoleiddio ar gyfer gwasanaethau gwarchod plant a gofal dydd yng Nghymru, sy’n cael eu tanategu gan y Safonau Gofynnol Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Gofal Plant Rheoledig ar gyfer plant hyd at 12 oed. Gellir dod o hyd i’r rhain ar wefan AGC yn Rheoliadau a Safonau Gofynnol Cenedlaethol: Gwasanaethau gofal plant a chwarae.
Ar hyn o bryd mae AGC yn arolygu yn erbyn pedair thema allweddol
- Lles
- Gofal a Datblygiad
- Amgylchedd
- Arweinyddiaeth a Rheolaeth
Mae gwybodaeth ar wefan AGC ynghylch sut mae AGC yn arolygu gwasanaethau gofal plant a chwarae
Wrth ystyried thema’r arolygiad ‘arweinyddiaeth a rheolaeth’ mae’n bwysig nodi bod mwyafrif y gwarchodwyr plant yng Nghymru yn gweithio ar eu pennau eu hunain. Mae’r wybodaeth ddiweddaraf gan Arolygiaeth Gofal Cymru (AGC) a ddarparwyd i ni yn nodi bod tua 82% o warchodwyr plant yng Nghymru yn gweithio ar sail unigol (nid ochr yn ochr Ă¢ gwarchodwr plant cofrestredig arall neu gynorthwyydd gwarchod plant). Felly nid yw ‘rheoli staff’ y mae llawer yn ei ystyried yn ddangosydd allweddol o ansawdd fel rhan o ‘arweinyddiaeth a rheolaeth’ ehangach gwasanaeth yn berthnasol i warchodwyr plant sy’n gweithio ar eu pennau eu hunain. Ni ddylid cymysgu ‘rheoli staff’ ac ‘arweinyddiaeth a rheolaeth’ serch hynny. Mae gwarchodwr plant yn dal i arwain a rheoli gwasanaeth gofal plant ac mae hyn yn ddangosydd pwysig o ansawdd y ddarpariaeth.
Mae pwysigrwydd yr amgylchedd yn ansawdd y ddarpariaeth yn amlwg o fewn fframwaith arolygu Safonau Gofynnol Cenedlaethol ac AGC. Mae Safon 8 o’r Isafswm Safonau Cenedlaethol yn canolbwyntio ar anogaeth a lles gyda’r canlyniad bod `Plant yn teimlo’n ddiogel, yn hapus ac yn gyffyrddus Ă¢’u gofalwyr ac yn eu hamgylchedd, a bod eu hawliau’n cael eu parchu.’
Mae’r amgylchedd yn un o themĂ¢u’r fframwaith arolygu sy’n ystyried pa mor dda y mae arweinwyr yn sicrhau addasrwydd yr amgylchedd, ac ansawdd adnoddau ac offer. Mae Canllawiau Darparwyr Arolygu a Sgorio AGC yn dangos arfer da a gallant gefnogi myfyrio yn erbyn y fframwaith arolygu. Mae hyn yn cynnwys ystyried sut mae’r amgylchedd wedi’i drefnu’n effeithiol i ddarparu ystod o gyfleoedd chwarae cyffrous, ynghyd ag ansawdd, amrywiaeth a hygyrchedd adnoddau i blant.
Fframweithiau addysg a rolau rheoleiddio
Yn ychwanegol at hyn bydd lleoliadau gofal plant sy’n cael eu hariannu i ddarparu Meithrinfa Cyfnod Sylfaen (FPN) yn cael eu harolygu ar y cyd gan Estyn ac AGC. Estyn yw arolygiaeth addysg a hyfforddiant Cymru. Ar hyn o bryd nid oes unrhyw warchodwyr plant yng Nghymru sydd wedi’u hariannu i ddarparu FPN ac felly nid oes yr un sy’n derbyn archwiliadau ar y cyd. Lle mae lleoliadau yn cael arolygiadau ar y cyd maent yn cael eu harolygu yn erbyn y pedair thema allweddol uchod ac yn ychwanegol yn erbyn y themĂ¢u:
- Dysgu
- Addysgu ac asesu
Mae’r cwricwlwm newydd yn gontinwwm dysgu i blant o dri i un deg chwech oed. Gan mai continwwm ydyw, ni fydd yn cynnwys cyfnodau, felly na fydd y Cyfnod Sylfaen fel y mae ar hyn o bryd yn bodoli o fis Medi. O fis Medi ymlaen, defnyddir y term ‘Dysgu Sylfaen’ i adlewyrchu pwysigrwydd y cyfnod hwn o ddysgu.
I adlewyrchu Dysgu Sylfaen fel rhan o’r fframwaith cwricwlwm newydd, datblygwyd y Cwricwlwm ar gyfer lleoliadau meithrin a ariennir nas cynhelir drwy ddull cydweithredol.
Hyd yn oed ar gyfer lleoliadau nad ydynt yn cael eu hariannu i ddarparu addysg gynnar, mae’r person cofrestredig mewn lleoliad gofal plant yn gyfrifol am sicrhau bod, yn unol Ă¢ safon 7.10 o’r Safonau Gofynnol Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Gofal Plant Rheoledig ar gyfer plant hyd at 12 oed, ‘yr egwyddorion hynny o’r Cyfnod Sylfaen ar gyfer plant 3 i 7 oed a’i saith maes dysgu yn cael eu deall a’u cymhwyso mewn ffordd sy’n briodol i oedran, galluoedd a chyfnod datblygiad plant yn eu gofal a natur y ddarpariaeth’. Felly mae hyn yn effeithio ar yr amgylchedd dysgu sy’n cael ei ddarparu ac mae’n cynnwys cynllunio, cyflwyno a gwerthuso. Mae’r safonau hyn yn cael eu hadolygu ar hyn o bryd i adlewyrchu’r newidiadau i’r cwricwlwm yng Nghymru a datblygiadau ehangach.
Amlinellir pwysigrwydd yr amgylchedd mewn perthynas Ă¢ chefnogi dysgu a datblygiad plant yng Nghymru yn y cwricwlwm.  Mae cwricwlwm presennol y Cyfnod Sylfaen yn nodi;
- Dylai’r amgylchedd y byddwn ni’n ei greu yn ein lleoliad, y tu mewn a’r tu allan, fod wrth wraidd profiadau dilys bywyd go iawn y plant
- Mae’n hanfodol ein bod yn ystyried y gofodau ffisegol yn ogystal Ă¢ hinsawdd emosiynol ein lleoliad.
- Dylen ni sicrhau bod yr amgylcheddau yn ein lleoliad yn groesawgar ac yn hyrwyddo ethos Cymraeg cryf. Dylen nhw ddathlu a gwerthfawrogi amrywiaeth, a bod yn gynhwysol.
- Dylen nhw fod yn llawn cyfathrebu a chanolbwyntio ar hybu sgiliau cyfathrebu cychwynnol, a’u datblygu ymhellach. Dylai’r amgylchedd sicrhau y gall plant gael gafael ar amrywiaeth eang o adnoddau dilys i’w helpu i ddatblygu geirfa a datblygu cysyniadau
Fframweithiau ansawdd ac offer myfyrio
Fel rhan o’r dull Chwarae, Dysgu a Gofal Plentyndod Cynnar ar gyfer plant 0-5 oed yng Nghymru, cyhoeddwyd cyfres newydd o Adnoddau gan y Llywodraeth Cymru i gefnogi ymarferwyr mewn lleoliadau gofal plant a chwarae ac ysgolion i ddarparu chwarae, dysgu a gofal plentyndod cynnar o safon.  Mae hyn yn cynnwys Pecyn Cymorth Arfer Myfyriol.
Rhaid i leoliadau gofal plant cofrestredig yng Nghymru gwblhau Adroddiad Ansawdd Gofal blynyddol. Mae’r adroddiad hwn sy’n seiliedig ar hunanarfarnu yn bwysig wrth helpu lleoliadau i ystyried y ffordd orau o greu, cynnal a gwella gwasanaethau fel eu bod yn cwrdd Ă¢’r safonau uchaf o ofal plant a chwarae diogel o ansawdd, cynnig y profiad gorau i blant a chyfrannu at ganlyniadau lles plant.
Mae PACEY Cymru hefyd wedi gweithio dros y blynyddoedd diwethaf i gefnogi defnyddio graddfa Cyd-feddwl Parhaus a Lles Emosiynol (SSTEW) mewn lleoliadau gwarchod plant yng Nghymru. Mae’n edrych ar ansawdd y ddarpariaeth a’r arfer sy’n gysylltiedig Ă¢ Chyd-feddwl Parhaus.
Mae SSTEW yn canolbwyntio ar sut mae rĂ´l yr oedolyn – ymarferwyr ac athrawon – yn cefnogi iaith plant ar gyfer meddwl a lles cymdeithasol ac emosiynol. Mae’n dwyn ynghyd y neges hanfodol bod dysgu cynnar plant yn cael ei sicrhau drwy eu datblygiad personol, cymdeithasol ac emosiynol gan ddefnyddio graddfa hunanarfarnu.
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Mae fframweithiau sgorio tebyg hefyd yn cael eu defnyddio mewn graddfeydd megis yr ECERS (Graddfeydd Sgorio Amgylcheddol Plentyndod Cynnar) a ddefnyddir mewn rhai awdurdodau lleol er nad yw’r rhain eto’n benodol i ofal plant yn y cartref.
Gellir gweld felly bod gan yr amgylchedd mewn lleoliad cartref ran allweddol i’w chwarae wrth arddangos a chefnogi gwella ansawdd o safbwynt rheoliadol.
Ymchwil berthnasol
Yn rhyfeddol efallai, o ystyried nifer y gwarchodwyr plant cofrestredig yn y Deyrnas Unedig, mae gwarchod plant yn parhau i fod yn faes nad oes digon o ymchwil iddo, yn enwedig o’i gymharu Ă¢’r darlun rhyngwladol. Gellir defnyddio ffactorau allweddol sy’n diffinio gofal plant o safon hefyd i ddiffinio lleoliad gofal plant yn y cartref o ansawdd. Byddwch yn gweld dolenni i ymchwil berthnasol drwy’r adnoddau a gynhyrchir yn y pecyn cymorth hwn.
Darllen pellach
- Fframwaith arolygu ar y cyd gan Estyn ac AGC
- Sut mae AGC yn arolygu gwasanaethau gofal plant a chwarae
- Fframwaith Ansawdd Plentyndod Cynnar, Gofal ac Addysg (ECEC)
- Sylw PACEY ar y Cwricwlwm newydd i Gymru
- Cyd-feddwl Parhaus
- Adroddiad Ansawdd Gofal
- Safonau Gofynnol Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Gofal Plant Rheoledig ar gyfer plant hyd at 12 oed
- Cwricwlwm ar gyfer lleoliadau meithrin a ariennir nas cynhelir
- Cwricwlwm- adnoddau dysgu proffesiynol